Testing-machine



T. OLS E N. 3 Sheets-Sheet 1..

Testing-Machine. No. 228,214. PatentedJunel, 1880.

llllll Witnessesf Inventar:

N. FUERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPMER. wnsillNGToN, D C,

3 Sheets-Sheet 2. T. 0 L S E N.

Testing-Machine. No. 228,214. Patented June 1,1880.

Inven terr:

N. PETERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D C,

3 Sheets-Sheet 3. T. 0 L S E N.

Testing-Machine. No.' 228,214.. Patented June 1,1880.

Winesses A Inventdr:

' @qll/mf N. PETERS. PHDTWUTHGGRAPHER, WASmNGToN, n Cv UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.

TINIUS OLSIlN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

TESTING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 228,214, dated June 1,1880.

Application lled February 6, 1880.

To all whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, TINIUS OLSEN, of Philadelphia, State of Pcnnsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Testing- Machines,of which the following is a specification.

The improvement relates to the means for applying stress, the mode ofweighing same, as well as the means of measuring and recording thedistortion of the specimens.

Heretofore such machines have, as means for applying stress onspecimens, been provided either with a hydraulic jack and pumps, orprovided with screws, worm-wheels, and

worms. The irst is objectionable in many cases on account ofdit'liculties in holding the pressure, and the latter is objectionablefor the reason that the greatest part of the applied power is wasted in'friction of the worms and worm-wheels.

The object ot' my invention is, first, to so construct theweighing-levers tha-t a greatlyreduced amount ot' space and material forthe frame-work is needed.

The object is, further, to provide a system of screws and gea-rs whichwill considerably decrease the amount ot' power absorbed by friction andoccupy little room.

The object is, still further, to provide an automatic motion for theweight on the beam, so that the operator need not touch theweighing-beam in the act of making a test.

The object is, iinally, to provide a sensitive measuring apparatus formeasuring the distortion ot' the specimen, as well as an apparatus forgraphically recording and illustrating same distortion, and therebyfacilitate the observation of the quality ol the material.

The invention consists in the arrangement ot' the main weighing-leversin such a manner that all the main bearings attain the nearest possibleproximity7 to each other.

It also consists in the arrangement ot' a set of spring-checks for thefree and movable part of the machine, preventing jumping and jarring ofthose parts which cannot be secured.

It further consists in the arrangement of smaller screws in one or moresets, each set oi' screws operated by a corresponding set ot1gear-wheels and pinions, both in connection, supported oneqnalizing-bearings in the Atrame- Work.

It also further consists in the arrangement of an electric motor inconnection with a set ot gears and screw for moving the weight on theweighing-beam; and it iinally consists in the arrangement of an electricmicrometrio 1neasuring-instrument for measuring the elongation orcontraction of specimens, and also communicating and graphicallyrecording same while the test is heilig' made.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of referenceindicate like parts, Figure I is a vertical longitudinal section throughthe device embodying my invention; Fig. II, a plan of same with the topremoved, and showing the arrangement of levers and gears; Fig. III, asection through the framework, showing, in detail, the bearings 'for thenuts ot'V the screws and the pressure-eqnalizin g device; Fig. IV, aplan of same, Fig. V, a detail view ot' the friction-rolls for thestepbearing; Fig. VI, a cross-section through same; Fig. VII, a diagramof arrangement of multiple sets of screws and gears; Fig. VIII, a detailplan of the measuring and transmitting instrument; Fig. IX, a verticalsection through same; Fig. X, a longitudinal, and Fig. XI a cross,section of details of the arrangement for giving rotary motion to therecording-drom.

0n top of the hollow frame A, Figs. I and II, are mounted the mainlevers B, C, and D. An additional bracket, E, secured to frame A,supports the intermediate lever F and weighing-beam G. Said main leversrest, by pivotcdges a, a', a2, and c, as commonly used for scale-levers,on projecting supports from the frame A. By other pivot-edges, b, b',b2, and bg, the said levers support the table H.

By reference to Fio'. II it will be seen that cach of the side mainlevers G and D is curved outward adjacent to the end on which itspivotedges are placed, so that a longitudinal center line passingthrough said pivot-edges coincides with a longitudinal center linepassing through the pivot-edges on one side of the central main beam, B,all the pivot-edges ot' the three main beams and the table H being bythis arrangement disposed in the same horizontal plane and on each sideof two longitudinal center lines, each of which is located as close aspracticable to two of the pnllingor straining rods, hereinafter to bedescribed.

From table H are raised four posts or col- IOO umns, L, which supportthe cross-head M, in which the upper end of specimen N for tensile testis secured. From the frame A extend, and are to the saine iirmlysecured, two or more rods, c, which pass freely through table H. Saidrods are provided, at their ends above the table, with nut-s and washersd. Between the washers and top of the table are placed pieces of elasticmaterial or springs c. This will allow vertical motion to the table,butprevent th e same from jumping or jarring too much by the breaking ofthe specimen. The said springs may be placed between the frame A and thetable H without altering the effect.

From and secured to the cross-head I, which holds the lower end of thespecimen N, extend downward the screw-threaded rodsf, j", f2, and f3through the table H and between the main levers B, G, and D, alsothrough top of frame A, to four gear-wheels, K, K', K2, and K3, (shownby dotted circles in Fig. II,) the hubs of which are provided withscrewthreads to receive the said threaded rods and act as nuts for same.In the center of said four wheels, and in gear with same, is located thepinion O on its shaft P, which is jonrna-led in the top and bottom offrame A. The wheels K, K', K2, and K3 are kept up in position bybrackets Q, which extend from the sides of frame A. Said brackets alsoembrace as guides the rodsj', f,f2, andj'.

0n the shaft P are located the small bevelwhcels g and g, as well as thelarger one, It, which is secured the shaft. In gear with said wheels gand g is the bevel-wheel h, which is secured to the shaf't i. This shaftis journaled at 7."y and 7s in brackets from frame A. On the shaft 'i isalso located the bevel-pinion Z, which engages or gears into the wheelIt.

0n the end of the shaft t', outside offrame A, is located the pulley my,so that the machine can be run by power, and on the side of the pulley ahandle, so it may be worked by hand.

0n the shaft I), and between the bevelwheels y and g, is a male clutch,0, so fitted on the shaft that it can only be freely moved up and downby the lever p, Fig. II, the forked end of which is seen on both sidesof said clutch in Fig. I.

In the wheels g and g are female clutches to suit the male clutch 0. Itis obvious that by pressing the clutch o up or down on shaft I) the samewill receive a right or left hand motion, as the case may require. Saidinotions either way are the quick motions of the machine.

Aslow motion for applying the stress is accomplished through thebevel-wheel It and pinion l on shaft fi, which is also provided with themale clutch g, to engage with a female clutch on pinion Z. Said clutchgis worked by the hand-lever r, Fig. II. The forked end on same can beseen on` both sides of said clutch in Fig. I. By operating with thissaid clutch the pinion Z will be engaged or disengaged for driving thebevel-wheel It.

From Figs. I and II itwill be observed that the main levers B, G, and Dare so arranged that all the main pivots are in as close proxV imity tothe pulling-rods j", j", f2, and fi* and post L as the said rods willallow, thereby reducing the breaking' strain to which the table H issubject, and consequently also reducing its size and weight.

In Figs. III and IV is shown the device for taking up as well` asequalizing the thrust of the four screws or rods j", j, f2, and f3 onthe frame A and the pull in the cross-head I, Fig. I.

In the frame A that part Q of same between the rodsfandj", as well as Q2between f2 and f3, is made loose or removable to the depth of thestep-bearing for the wheels K, K, K2, and K3. In the bottom, under eachstep, are placed rings s, of elastic but incompressible material, ornearly so, as rubber. Between two and two of said rings a looselyflttedpiece, t, is placed, and on top of saine is secured the filling-inpieces Q' and Q2, which must, however, not prevent the free motionendwise of pieces t. New il", by reason of slack or otherwise, one ofthe screws should be subject to excessive strain more than the others,then the elastic ring which is subject to the greatest pressure willexpand, pushing' the piece t against the least compressed ringl andcompress it still further until the pressure on both is cqualized. Thisarrz'nigement also distributes the pressure on the step evenly over itswhole surface.

The steps of the wheels K, K', K2, and IU are also provided with trainsof friction-rollersa, placed between the steel plates e and r. A metalframe, w, Figs. V and VI. incloses, separates, and keeps the rollers inproper position. By separating the said rollers with their metal framethe rollers are prevented from being worn ilat at intervals on their`surface, as is often the case when the bearings are completely iilledwith rollers and one roll allowed to rub against the other, and therebydestroy the usefulness of the friction-rollers.

The diagram Fig. VII illustrates an arrangement in multiple seriessuitable for application to larger machines, specially those of thehorizontal type, in which great power is usually required.

The series of screws above described is here quadrupled, there beingfour sets of screws, each consisting of four screws, j' f f3, rotated bya central shaft carrying a pinion, O, meshing with gears K K K2 ICi uponthe sew eral screws. The shafts ot' the pinions O O O O carry,respectively, gears J J J2 J3, each of which meshes with a pinion,j,upon a central shaft, from which rotation is thus imparted to thesixteen screws of the series. The thrust of each of the two pairs ofscrews fj" and fZ f3 of each set 1s taken up on equalizing-bear ings inthe mannerbefore described, and shown in Fig. III, and the combinedthrust of each pair of sets is supported in a similar manner, fourscrews heilig eqnalized with four upon the same principle as one screwis with one in.

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Fig. III. Power is transmitted to and through all the sixteen screws ofthe multiple series by the use of double gearing only, thus materiallyreducing the loss due to friction.

The beam G, Figs. I and II, is provided with a sliding weight or poise,S, which is moved along the beam by the screw T. Said screw will receivemotion from the electric motor U, which is placed at the end of the beamG, the rotary motion from the motor U being cominuuicated to the screw Tthrough the pinion V and wheel V. The vt'ace ot' the wheel V is providedwith divisions, and marked so as to indicate fractions ot' the weightadded on the beam G by the movement of the poise S corresponding to oneturn of the screw T, the weight added per turn of screw to be markedalong the t'ace ofthe beam G, the electrical connection for the motor tobe done either by the operator or by the automatic motion of the bea-m,making connection on raising and disconnecting when lowering on reachingits lowest point, or other contact is made by which the current isreversed, and consequently the motion of the motor U and the poise S,the current of electricity to be obtained from a battery, X, or othersources ot' electricity, and conducted through properly placed wires tothe motor, which is constructed on 011e or the other of the nowwell-known plans for such motors, and need not here be furtherspecitied. 4

The measuring-iustrument IV, Fig. I, t-he object and function of whichare to accurately measure the amount ot' elongation or compressionundergone by a specimen in the testing operation, is held in position atthe lower end ot' test specimen N by the collar y, which is secured byscrews to the specimen. On the upper end of specimen N another collar,y', is secured. Between collaryand three or more pistons, z, in themeasuring-instrumentfare placed three or more corresponding screws, z',which can be adjusted as to proper length by the nuts These nuts areprovided with right and left handed threads t'or that purpose.

It is obvious that any elongation or compression to which the specimen Nmay be subjected will occasion a corresponding movement ot' the pistonsz in the instrument \'V, and such movement is graphically indicated upona drum, Y, rotated by a device, Z, as presently to be described.

The pistons z, Figs. VIII and IX, (three or morein numbcr,) are equallydistributed around the specimen, so they will record the mean ot anyextension or compression.

The pistons z are pressed out by springs It', the limit t'or this motionbeing either the screws ztwhen in use) or the collar 'i' at the lowerends of pistons z. Rings i2 guide said pistons and keep them tight, sothe iiuid beneath cannot escape.

The spaces under the pistons z, as well as the passages 7a', connectingsaid spaces and the tube 7a2, are filled with mercury or other iiuidwhich is a good conductor of electricity.

From the top of tube k2, and down through said tube, passes themicrometer-screw l. The nut m for same can be turned by the wormwheel aand worm a2, by which the screw is moved up and down, as the case mayrequire. The screw l and nut t'or same, m', are insulated t'rom the bodyof I by the non-conducting` rings o and 02.

The wormwheel n is made ot' lion-conducting material7 and is secured tothe nut m of the screw l, and to the under side ot" the wormwheel aresecured two metal rings, p and p2. From said rings comlucting-wires qand q2 pass through the wheel a, said wires to be equally distant aparton each ring, and the number ot wires on the two rings to bear a fixedrelation-say i'or the inner ring ten and ior the outer ring onehundred-for the sake of ease in adjusting the other parts oftheinstrument.

The top of the wires q and (l2 will, when the wheel is turned, touch thedownward extension of the binding-posts s and s2, the binding-post sserving to make contact with the wires q of the ring p', and the post s2similarly serving to make contact with the wires q2 of the ring p2.

Connection for the purpose of imparting movement to the rotating deviceZ ot' the recording-drinn Y may be made either between the post s2 andthe post el, as shown, or between the post s and the post 35, dependingupon the degree of tiuencss or accuracy of measurement required, thefunctions of the two binding-posts s and s2 being to enable the circuitof the battery X2 to be closed, either through the coarsely-pitchedwires of the inner ring,p, or through the finely-pitched wires q2 of theouter ring, p2, as desired.

The tube It? is extended on one side by a rectangular slot, which ispartly iilled by the shoe 7u. Vith this shoe the instrument can be fullycorrected, so as to give perfect measurement, as said shoe is adjustableso as to give any desired proportions between the pistons .e and tubek2, and on its face next to the mercury any necessary correction ot' themicrometer-screw can be made.

An insulated wire, s", passes from the binding-screw through the centerot' the screw Z, the lower end ot' the wire s being slightly above thelower end ot' the screwsay onethousandth otl an inch-that is to say,that when the mercury rises high enough in the tube lr to come incontact with the screw l it will be slightly out ot contact with thewire se.

The electric current which is to pass through the screw Z' will passoii" from the bindingscrew 85. The worm a2 is operated by the electricmotor U', similar in construction to U on the beam G.

In order to enable the motor U to turn the worm a? in both directions,an automatic current-changing switch, t', and electro-magnet t2 are usedin such a way that when no current is passing through the wire ot' theeleotro-magnet 'L2 the switch, which turns 0n the IOO IIS

pivot c2 by the spring t3, is brought in contact with binding-post s6.The circuitis thus closed for battery X' throug'h post s6, post 87 onswitch t', post S8, the motor U', and post sg, back to said battery.Said current and consequent motion ot' the motor will occur when 110 contact takes place between the mercury and the micrometer-screw l'. Yhenthe current which enters the instrument from battery X' by thebinding-post S10 can pass tln'ou gh the screw l' by bein g brought incontact with the mercury in the instrument, it will pass oli" frombinding-screw S5 through the wire of the electromagnet t2 and back tosaid battery. It is obvious that the switch t' is attracted by saidelectro-magnet and contact between posts s and t broken. In thisposition oi' said switch noA current is passing through the motor U',and the worm a2 will not move. the mercury is brought still higher inthe instrument, contact by said mercury is made by the wire 34 in thecenter of screw L', part of the current will pass oil' through thiswire, through binding-post s3, binding-post S11, the motor U', and oft'by post s to battery X', producing a reverse motion of said motor andworm a2 to that iirst obtained for same and described above.

On beam G, Fig'. I, is located the cylindrical drum Y, on which paperfor the graphical record or strain-diagram is attached. Y is the holderand pencil with which the diagram is drawn. Said holder is placed on thescrew T, which, on this part, has screw-tln'ead of such a pitch that theholder, which is titted on said screw, will move the length ofthe drum Ywith the same number of turns that will move the poise S the length ofthe space provided tor it on beam G, so that a certain longitudinalmovement ot' the pencil on the drum Y will indicate a certain amount ot'strain brought to bear on specimen tested.

At Z isa device for giving rotary motion to the drum Y, a certain amountot' rotary motion ot' drum Y to correspond to a certain amount ot'elongation or compression of the specimen, as the case may be.

rldhe details oi' this device are shown in Figs. X and XI, which arerespectively longitudi- -nal and transverse sections, and the deviceconsists, in substance, of a casing containing a central shaft, tworatchet-wheels secured thereon, a double pawl and lever, and twoelectro-magnets, and provided with binding posts l'or the connection ot'lmttery-wires.

The axle 'r2 of drum Y passes through the center et' the casing of Z. Onsaid axle are secured two ratchet-wheels, 'r3 and r', with teeth on r3to the right and on 0"' to the left. Between the ratchet-wheelsislocated the elec tro-magnet T5. On the axle r2 is hinged the soft-ironarmature frG, which is held back from the magnet by the spring 1"'.Inclosed at its upper ends by said armature is located the double pawland lever 1', which is pivoted at r9. At thc lower end ol' said level'is placed the electro-magnet 1'10, between which and le- Further, if

ver r8 is a spring, r11, by which said lever will en gage wheel o" whenno current passes around the magnet r1". It' the current is reversed andmade to pass around magnet 1"", the lever r will be attracted by saidmagnet, and in this position engage with the ratehet-whecl r3.

By this device it is obvious that if a current enters by binding-postcl2 it will pass around the electro-magnet T5 and oit' by binding-postcl3. The pawl 1'8 will be moved by said magnet and its armature r6, andmove drum Y by the ratchet-wheel r' to the right. The reverse will takeplace if the current enters bindingpost s" and passes around r1", henceto and around T5, and oft' by post 813, the lever T8 being moved by 1"from its first position to its sec ond, and engaging with ratchet-wheelr3.

rlhe operation of the measuri11g-instrument in connection with theturning device Z for drum Y, Figs. VIII to XI, will be as follows:\Vhen, by reason ot' extension or compression ot' a specimen, theworm-wheel a', in the way and manner above described, is turned so as tomake contact either between the wires q' and the binding-post s' orbetween the wires ([2 andthe binding-post s2, a current of electricityfrom the battery X2 will pass, in the first case, to the ring p', andthence by the wire q to the binding-post c', or, in the second case,will pass to the ring 1)", and thence by the wire q2 to the binding-posts", depending upon whether the wires q' or q2 close the circuit.

In Fig. VIII connection is shown li'rom post s2 to binding-post sl" onthe switch t' and post sw. By said connection the current is passed topost s, Fig. XI, through the turning device Z, and by post cl3 tobattery X'. This movement ofthe current will turn the drum Y to theleft, as above described. It', however, the switch t' changes positionand disconnects posts .15 and s1 and connects posts 315 and c, as willtake place when the current from battery X is passing' aroundelectro-magnet 1P, as above described, it is obvious that the currentfrom battery XZ will pass oft' l'rom binding-post s to s1", hencethrough Z, and from post s1' back to battery X2, and by this movementturn the drum Y to the right, as above described.

rlhe operation oi' the machine will be, l'or tensile test, as follows:The measuring-instrument is lirst secured to the specimen'in properposition. The specimen is next secured in the machine, as shown, Fig. I.A sheet ol'l paper is secured around the drum Y, which may be linedlengthwise and. crosswise, either before or after the line or diagram istraced by the instrument, so that extension and stress to which thespecimen has been subjected can be easily read andthe general characterof the material observed. The poise S and pencil Y are moved to zero andthe beam is balanced. rlhe connections between motor U and battery X,the motor U' and battery X', also between the turning device Z andbattery X2, are now made. The machine is now ready to apply IOO IIO

the strain on the specimen, which is done by the pulley or hand-wheel mthrough the different gearings, and by the screws f, f2, and f3, asdescribed. The strain will bear upon the main levers B, C, and D, and becommunicated from same, through the intermediate lever F, to weight-beamGr, on which the record and diagram ot the test are made. The increaseof stress will cause the poise S and the pencil Y to be movedlongitudinally on drum Y, and the extension of the specimen will cause arotary motion to the drum Y. In this manner a curve will be traced onthe drum, in which the extension will be the abscissa and the strain theco-ordinate to any point in the curve. The area inclosed and generalcharacter of' the curve will illustrate the quality of the materialtested.

In making compression tests the specimen is placed on the table H andcompressed by forcing cross-head I down ou top of same. The balance ofthe manipulation is the same as for tensile tests.

I will here state that it is not absolutely necessary that the drum Y,turning device Z, and pencil-holder Y should form part of the beam, onlythat it is most convenient so to place them. They may form a separateinstrument, in which, however', the longitudinal motion of the pencilY', derived from the screw T, must be made by an instrument, like orsimilar to Z, for that purpose, but controlled in its act-ions by themotion of the poise S on the beam.

What I claim, and that for which I desire Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, in atesting-machine, of a support-ing-frame, threemain levers supported on pivot-edges on said frame, a table supported011 pivot-edges on said main levers and carrying a cross-head for thereception of one end of a specimen to be tested, and four pulling orstraining rods carrying a cross-head for the reception of the oppositeend ofthe specimen, the pivot-edges of the main levers and table beinglocated adjacent to the axes of the pulling-rods and disposed onopposite sides of two longitudinal center lines adjacent thereto,substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, in atesting-machine, of a supporting-frame, amovable table for carrying the specimen to be tested. and springcheckslimiting the traverse of the movable table, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

3. The combination, in a testing-machine, of a series of threaded rodsby which power is applied to a specimen to be tested, a series of nuts,each having a gear-wheel formed or secured upon it and engaging thethread of one of said rods, and a common driving-shaft and pinion bywhich said nuts are rotated, substantially as set forth.

4. The combinatiomin atesting-machine, of a central driving-shaft andpinion, a series of gear-wheels, each meshing with said pinion andcarrying a nut engaging a threaded pulling rod, two bevelpinions, eachmounted loosely upon the central driving-shaft, and a bevel-gear oflarger diameter fixed thereon, a counter-shaft carrying a driving-pulley, a fixed bevel-pinion meshing with the loose pinions of thecentral shaft, and a loose bevel-pinion meshing with the v[ixed gearot'said shaft, a clutch b v which either of the loose pinions of thedriving-shaft may be made fast thereon, and a clutch by which the loosepinion of the counter-shaft may be made fast thereon, these membersbeing combined for Ijoint operation to impart motion from thecoiinter-shaft to the central driving-shaft in either direction, or atdifferent rates of speed in the same direction, substantially as setforth.

5. The combination, in a testing-machine, of four straining or pullingrods arranged equidistautly 1n pairs, an elastic but comparativelyincompressible medium surrounding and receiving the strain applied toeach rod, and a movable equalizing-piece, by which excess of strainapplied to one rod of each pair is transmitted to the other and thestrain equalized between the two, substantially as set forth.

6. rIhe combination, in a testing-machine, of four threaded straining orpulling rods arranged in pairs in a supportiiig-frame, nuts engagingeach of said rods, each nut having a gear-wheel formed upon it, abracket supporting each of said nuts and guiding its rod, elastic ringsreceiving the stra-in applied to each of said rods, two movable plates,each interposed between the elastic rings oi' one pair of rods, and twofitting-pieces, cach of which is interposed between the nuts of a pairof rods and holds the movable plate thereof in position, substantiallyas set forth.

7. The combination, in a testing-machine, of a threaded pulling-rod, anelastic ring through which strain applied to the pulling-rod istransmitted to its supporting-frame, two metal plates encircling saidrod, one of which bears against its elastic ring and the other againstthe nut by which it is operated, a series of friction-rollers interposedbetween the two metal plates, and a frame by which the rollers` areseparated one from the other and maintained in proper relative position,substantially as set forth.

8. The combination, in a testing-machine, of a multiple series ofpulling-rods, consisting of four sets of four each, the rods of each setbeing operated by a central pinion meshing with gears moving the severalrods, and having' their bearings equalized, as described, a centralshaft and pinion operating gears upon the shafts of the driving-pinionsof each of the four sets of rods, anda device for equalizing the appliedstrains from one set of rods to another, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination, in a testing-mechine, of a weighing-beam, a weightor poise sliding on said beam, and an electric motor by whichlongitudinal movement upon the beam is imparted to the poise,substantially as set forth.

l0. rBhe combination, in a testing-machine,

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of a weighing-beam, a weight or poise mounted upon and having thecapacity of longitudinal movement upon said beam, a screw mountedin-bearings upon said beam and engaging a nut on the weight or poise,and gearing by which said screw is rotated from an electric motor, thesemembers being combined for joint operation substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

ll. The combination, in a testing-machine, ot' a specimen-holder, avessel containing a Huid medium, actin g as an indicator of the eX-tension or compression ot' the test specimen, and a piston or pistons bywhich the effect ot the strain applied to the specimen-holder andspecimen is transmitted to the iiuid medium, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination, in a testing-machine, of a vessel containing aliquid medium, a series of pistons resting upon said liquid medium, andadjustable connections uniting said pistons with a collar to which thetest specimen is to be connected, substantially as set forth.

13. The combination, with a testinginachine, of a measuringinstrumentembodying a vessel containing a liquid medium which is a conductor ofelectricity, a series of pistons supported on springs and resting onsaid liquid medium, a micrometer-screw, the lower end of which may bebrought into contact with said liquid medium, and which has an internali11- sulated wire terminating a short distance above its lower end, anut engaging the thread of said microm eter-screw and carrying awormwheel, two non-conducting rings which insulate the micrometer-screwand nut from the Vessel containing the liquid medium, bindingpostsconnected respectively with the microineter-screw and its internalinsulated wire, a

battery and electric motor by which the worm and worm-wheel are rotated,and an electromagnet and switch for reversing the direction of suchrotation, these members being combined for joint operation substantiallyas set forth. i

LL. The combination, ina measuring device for testing-machines, ot' avessel containing a liquid medium, a vertical tube communicating withsaid vessel and having a slot in one of its sides, a micrometer-screwworking in said tube, and an adjustable shoe fitting in the slot of saidtube and serving to vary the sectional area of the tube to compensatefor irregularities in the tube or micrometer-screw, or both,substantially as set forth.

15. The combination, in a testing-machine, oi' a weighing-beam, asliding weight or poise indicating the strain applied to thetestspeeimen, and a device for graphically recording the extension orcompression ot' the specimen under the applied strain, substantially asset forth.

1G. rlhe combination, in a testing-machine, ot'a weighing-beam, arecording-drum, and a longitudinal screw, each rotating in bearingsthereon, and a pencil-holder traversing' the screw parallel with theaxis of the recordingdrum, substantially as set forth.

17. The combination, in a testing-machine, otl a measuring-instrument, arecording-drum, a battery, and a device for rotating the drum by theaction of the battery, these members being combined for jointJ operationsubstantially as and for the purpose set forth.

TINIUS OLSEN.

Witnesses GHR. ENGKE, G. Y. OLsEN,

